A review on heating and cooling technologies

Abstract

Numerous end-use applications and technologies are involved in heating and cooling. In the construction industry, it includes cooking, water heating, ambient heating, cooling, and refrigeration. Process heating includes high temperature applications as well as low temperature ones, including those found in the food sector, in addition to ambient heating and cooling (e.g. in the cement, iron and steel industries).A significant portion of the overall final energy demand is made up of heating and cooling needs for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Heating and cooling in houses and industry, for instance, consumes half of the energy in the EU (figure estimated by the European Commission).   Solar thermal or photovoltaic energy can power solar heating and cooling technology. Heating systems powered by solar thermal energy use passive or active solar energy to capture solar radiation and convert it to useful heat. The active refers to the use of a solar collector to heat a fluid, while the passive refers to the architecture of the building envelope. The assessment of passive solar technologies for space heating and cooling as well as the identification of unmet research requirements are the goals of this work.