Improvement of Physical Characteristics of Hard Water and Scale Formation Under Permanent Magnetic Field

Abstract

This study shows that the use of magnetic treatment device is a safe and efficient method for water treatment and scale removal under varying turbulent flow condition and pipe material. The water flow was maintained at 3, 5, and 7 L/min. It was found that the magnetic field reduces the TDS, EC, hardness and alkalinity of water. These water characteristics are further decreased as on rising the flow rate from 3 to 7 L/min. The water characteristics reduction rate was higher for the first 15 hours of circulation of overall time period. On investigating the influence of magnetic treatment on pipe material, it was obtained that the PVC pipe is much efficient than GI and copper pipes. The scale removal efficiency was analyzed based on the formation of aragonite crystals in water pipes, after water passing through the magnetic field. The morphology of the crystal was analyzed by FESEM method.