Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Yttrium Recovery to Extract Metallic Formation

B. Goswami, N. Biswas, R. Biswas, I. Singha, N. Goswami, B. B. Mishra, J. Dutta, D. Sen, S. Dutta

Abstract


This review is to scheme resources for yttrium (Y). Methodical excavation has linked usual extraction from geological sources i.e., of primary origin. Utilization of versatile electronic goods, on the other hand has raised waste to review for scheming as secondary resource of trace elements. Hydrometallurgical route has descriptive issued to justify analyte for recovery of europium, yttrium, and indium from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Recovery of 99% of yttrium and indium have opted in 2 M HCl and 1 M HNO3 solutions, respectively after treatment in di-(2- ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as extractant and kerosene as diluent. Recovery secure strategy has elaborated, in lieu; performed rare earths recycle apt from WEEE by acidic leaching and precipitation techniques. Yttrium oxalate up to 99% recovery has subjected, in lieu, technique has been subscriptive issued dissolution of rare earth in several acids and subsequent precipitation with oxalic acid. Yttrium recovery to 95% has suggestive issued after using NaOH solutions for yttrium precipitation from as leached acidic solutions. Ethical subsidization has demonstrated feasibility of rare earth and indium extraction from WEEE.

Keywords


Yttrium, Rare earth elements, Hydrometallurgy, Electronic waste, Power plant

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ernesto de la Torre, Estefanía Vargas, César Ron and Sebastián Gámez: Europium, Yttrium, and

Indium Recovery from Electronic Wastes; Metals; (8); (2018); ID: 777; p.1.

NI Perwira, KT Basuki, D Biyantoro, N Effendy: Optimization Recovery of Yttrium Oxide in

Precipitation, Extraction, and Stripping Process; The 12th Joint Conference on Chemistry IOP

Publishing; IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 349 (2018) 012044.

V. Balaram, V.K. Banakar, K.S.V. Subramanyam, Parijat Roy, M. Satyanarayanan, M. Ram

Mohan and S.S. Sawant: Yttrium and rare earth element contents in seamount cobalt crusts in the

Indian Ocean; Current Science, vol. 103, NO. 11, 10 December 2012, 1334.

Zhen Wang, Shifeng Daia, Jianhua Zou, David French, Ian T. Graham: Rare earth elements and

yttrium in coal ash from the Luzhou power plant in Sichuan, Southwest China: Concentration,

characterization and optimized extraction; International Journal of Coal Geology 203 (2019) 1–14

Johannes Stefanski and Sandro Jahn: Yttrium speciation in subduction-zone fluids from ab initio

molecular dynamics simulations; Solid Earth, 11, 767–789, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-

-2020.

Orlando R.R. Minuzzi, Artur C. Bastos Neto, Milton L.L. Formoso, Sandra Andrade, Valcir A.

Janasi and Juan A. Flores: Rare earth element and yttrium geochemistry applied to the genetic

study of cryolite ore at the Pitinga Mine (Amazon, Brazil); Anais da Academia Brasileira de

Ciências (2008) 80 (4): 719–733.

Zhang, F.; Li, B.; Zhuang, X.; Querol, X.; Moreno, N.; Shangguan, Y.; Zhou, J.; Liao, J.:

Geological Controls on Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (REY) in Late Permian

Coals and Non-Coal Rocks in the Xian’an Coalfield, Guangxi Province. Minerals 2021, 11, 301.

https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030301.

Michael Fleischer and Z.S. Altschuler: The Lanthanides and Yttrium in Minerals of the Apatite

Group: A Review; U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards; Open-File Report 82–783; 1982

Marian V. Lupulescu, Jeffrey R. Chiarenzelli, And Jared Singer: Rare Earth Element and Yttrium

Mineral Occurrences in the Adirondack Mountains; The A Di Ron Dack Journal of

Environmental Studies; Volume 2 1; pp. 81.

S.K. Bhushan and O.P. Somani: Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Potentials of Neoproterozoic

Peralkaline Siwana Granite of Malani Igneous Suite, Barmer District, Rajasthan; Journal

Geological Society of India Vol. 94, July 2019, pp. 35–41.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.